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Explaining changes in the political consciousness of the oppressed using the ideas of Paulo Freire, Albert Memmi, and Jungian psychology, this original book explores how psychological bonds of oppression are broken and offers a psychopolitical theory for the analysis of the autobiographies of four Native people in Guatemala and Canada.

How can we explain the recent enormous increase in the number of conspiracy theories and believers? Since the 1990s, two trends have moved in tandem: the rising number of conspiracy theories and the growing alarm over global warming. Is there some connection between these two trends? Looking to the 1950s, according to C. G. Jung, there was a connection between the number of sightings of flying saucers and the threat of nuclear war. His analysis serves as a template for our study of conspiracy theories, relying on the psychological processes of repression, projection, compensation, and dissociation. This article begins with a review of Jung's study and then applies his approach to understand the current explosion of conspiracy theories.

Jung's theory of complexes sheds light on populists' identity as the "virtuous people" who are opposed to the "corrupt elites". Their complexes underlie three well-known populist attitudes. First is their antipluralism, their sense of moral superiority toward immigrants and minorities. Second, in reaction to the failures of neoliberalism, they experience moralistic relative deprivation regarding the "undeserving" underclasses that benefit from government hand-outs. And third, as native white Christians, their moral indignation stems from comparisons with ethnic workers in the same occupations earning the same pay. This psychopolitical analysis explains much of the populists' anger, frustration, and resentment.

Our aim in this article is to identify the major transnational actors and to describe how they have influenced Latin American politics and development from the 1950s to the present. Transnational actors are defined as those collective actors (here non-governmental) whose membership and activities are transnational. Specifically ex-amined are the multinationals, the Catholic Church, international labor confederations, and guerrilla movements. The historical context within which we study these actors has two periods : early import substitution (1954-65) and late import substitution and export substitution (1965 to present). In each period the state pursue s a development strategy with the support of particular class alliances. For each period we describe how the transnational actors contribute to the successes and failures of these strategies. The causal relations are also reciprocal, for the actors evolve and adapt to the changing developmental context. For example, the multinationals shift from raw material extraction to manufacturing while the Church shifts from conservatism to the theology of liberation. The general trends in the activities of transnational actors over the post war period are interpreted with respect to the twin polarities of the development process : opression - liberation, integration - autonomy.

The Chiapas rebellion is in process. Where the Zapatista Army of National Liberation, the Mexican people, and the Mexican state will take it is a matter of intense speculation for many observers. For us, that speculation can be reshaped into a social scientific prognosis thanks to the "structural theory of revolution". This theory has been applied retrospectively to the study of past revolutions in France, Russia, and China (Skocpol, 1979), Mexico (Goldfrank), Nicaragua, Cuba, and Grenada (Meeks). Our application of this theory differs in that we are studying an ongoing process and formulating a prognosis.

In addressing these issues I propose to account for the divergence between the NICs of these two regions through a comparative analysis of a member state from each region, Argentina and the Republic of Korea. By accounting for, that is explaining and predicting, the divergent development of these two nations, we will have a basis for asserting which theoretical approach (nco-dcpcndcncy or nco-lib cralism) is more valid. And once their divergent development is explained, we will be able to identify the conditions responsible for the success of the East Asian model and to say whether these same conditions may be found elsewhere allowing for the successful export of that model.